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Accueil Toutes les actualités agricoles Quel bilan pour la campagne sorgho 2024 ? Quel bilan pour la campagne sorgho 2024 ? Des surfaces qui bondissent Les récoltes de sorgho démarrent sur les semis les plus précoces. Les surfaces françaises sont
quasi multipliées par deux et dépassent cette année les 100 000ha (source : Agreste). Ces
hausses concernent principalement les zones habituées à la culture (Centre Val-de-Loire,
Nouvelle Aquitaine et Occitanie). Le sorgho étant l’espèce pouvant se semer le plus
tardivement au printemps , cette soudaine augmentation trouve sa source dans plusieurs
explications.
La première est un automne extrêmement pluvieux sur plusieurs zones du centre-ouest et sud-ouest ayant fortement impacté les semis de blé tendre, reportant ainsi un grand nombre de surfaces sur des cultures de printemps, de manière forcée.
La seconde est un printemps à nouveau pluvieux sur de nombreuses zones. Cela a posé
quelques problèmes de gestion de stock de semences chez les distributeurs, les dates possibles de semis reculant jour après jour, et les agriculteurs se tournant vers des variétés de plus en plus précoces.
La résultante est cette surface de sorgho qui double ou presque, rappelant les conditions de la campagne 2019-2020, avec des semis qui se sont étalés jusqu’à des dates très tardives, parfois jusque mi-juin.
Une pression ravageur jamais vue, liée à des dates de semis tardives Le sorgho , culture d’ordinaire épargnée par les ravageurs (sauf exceptions locales), a connu
cette année une recrudescence d’attaques d’héliothis (aussi appelée noctuelle de la tomate).
Ce papillon présent partout dans le monde, dont les larves s’attaquent à quasiment toutes les
cultures (maïs, légumes, pois chiche, soja, sorgho etc.), a entraîné de nombreux dégâts sur les
grains en formation, avec des pressions importantes, parfois plusieurs chenilles visibles par
panicule. Des individus de différents stades ont pu être observés dans les parcelles, rendant
complexe la lutte.
Légende : heliothis à différents stades larvaires et de différentes couleurs, montrant un régime alimentaire différent.
A ce jour peu de zones ont été épargnées , et des traitements insecticides étaient nécessaires pour réduire la population. Une incidence sur le rendement est à prévoir dans le cas d’attaques de grandes ampleurs.
Il semblerait que les parcelles les plus touchées soient liées à des semis tardifs, les sorghos les moins avancés en stade ayant servis de relais aux papillons venant d’autres cultures comme le pois chiche.
Une campagne de piégeage et de surveillance devra être organisée en 2025 afin d’alerter sur les risques au plus tôt.
A quoi s’attendre en 2025 ? Cette hausse des surfaces ne devrait pas, à l’image de 2019 ou 2020 , entraîner de surstock ou de report chez les collecteurs. Les marchés français et européen sont en capacité d’absorber facilement cette production exceptionnelle. Le sorgho grain en Europe est aujourd’hui principalement utilisé dans l’alimentation des monogastriques (porcs et volailles).
Cette année pluvieuse ne permettra pas au sorgho de montrer sa valeur dans les assolements, avec des résultats nets qui seront en deçà d’autres cultures.
Il convient cependant de ne pas oublier les deux dernières campagnes et la tendance climatique globale , qui permettent au sorgho de faire valoir ses qualités de tolérance à la sécheresse et de faibles besoins en intrants.
En savoir plus sur l'actualité de Semences de Provence Cet article a été rédigé et illustré par notre partenaire. La rédaction d’aladin.farm n'a pas participé à sa production ni aux choix des visuels.
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